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Latissimus Dorsi Flap

Uses skin, fat and muscle from the upper back, tunneled through the armpit to the chest while staying attached to its own blood supply — this is called a pedicled flap, so the vessels don't need reconnecting. An implant or expander is usually placed behind it to reach the size wanted. The ASPS notes it is often chosen after radiation, because it brings healthy skin and new blood supply to the treated area. It is the one flap here that moves a working muscle, so ask your surgeon what to expect for shoulder and back function.

Sources: American Society of Plastic Surgeons; National Cancer Institute; American Cancer Society.